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' 2 Sheets-Sheet- 1. G. W. STIOKNEY, SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

No. 272,494. Patented Feb.20,1883.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

0'. w. STIG NEYI SURVBYING INSTRUMBNT.- No. 272,494. Patented Feb.20,1883.

* i f l UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

CHARLES W. STICKNEY, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

su RVEYING-INST'R'U MENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 272,494, dated February 20, 1883. Application filed September 11, 1am. (NomodeL) To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES W. SrIcK- NEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the Districtof Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surveying-Instruments, nothitherto known, invented, patented, or used in any country, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention consists of several attachments to an ordinary theodolite or level, and their combination with each other, or with unpatented features of ordinary surveying-instruments, all said attachments or combinations necessary to produce one result, the object of my invention. The object is to enable a surveyor the more easily to run lines of definite "length over ground where the declivities and unevenness are so great that the instrument cannot readily be leveled and the chaining is impracticable or inaccurate, as in surveying mining claims in the Rocky Mountains.

I am aware that the ball-and-socketjoint is old, and that a telescope, microscope, scale, micrometer, and. vernier, in various combinations, have been tried many years in foreign countries, and are not now patentable in this.

The novelty of my invention consists in the peculiar construction of the ball and socket in the method of attaching a microscope to a telescope, and the means for bringing them into the same horizontal plane of vision; in the method of attaching a microscopic scale with micrometer-screw and Vernier to the baseplate of an ordinary instrument. The pieces and their combination by'which these methods are rendered effective are novel, and are effective to adapt ordinary instruments to the object stated.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents the ball; Figs-2, 3, 4, 5 show the socket constructed of an upper and a lower jacket, to

clasp the ball when clamped by the threev screws. Fig. 6 shows the microscope-socket to be attached to the end of the axis of the telescope, with arm and screws for adjusting the microscope. Fig. 7 shows the microscope,

with its cylindrical projection to tit the socket, and its level and adjustment-flange. Fig. 8 shows the scale-arm adapted for screwingto the base-plate or dial-plate of instrument, and to which arm is screwed (Fig. 9) the scale, micrometer-screw, and vernie'r. Fig. 10 shows an ordinary theodolite with the attachments as herein described and the combinations claimed.

Uonstructt'on.l,make an ordinarytheodolite; but it difl'ersin this, that the ball a is made very large and hollow, and a hole is left in the lower portion of circumference that the plumb-line may be fastened at its center. The socket is made in twojackets, band 0. The upper jacket carries three screws, d, for clamping to the lower. The lower carries three or more screws, 6, for the final adjustment, as does the upper parallel plateot' ordinary instruments. 'Thejackets are constructed so that they cannot quite meet, but when screwed together pinch the ball and hold it firmly in any desired position. I attach a socket, f, to the end of the telescope axis 9. This is a cup-shaped piece, having a hole in the center of its bottom to let a screw, h, through into the axis end g, and two projections, 2 to fit into notches or holes la in the axis to prevent its turning, and a set-screw, l, to secure the microscope at. It has an arm projecting from one side, a, which carries two screws, 0, to adjust the line of sight of the microscope parallel to that of the telescope by aid of their respective levels.

I make a mi-f croscope (Fig. 7) having a cylindrical projecmake a scale-arm, Fig. 8, (or bracket,) having its horizontal projection it exactly at right angles to its upright u, with screw-holest and a, for attaching horizontal limb to the baseplate of instrument and its upright limb to the scale. I make a microscopic scale, Fig. 9, sliding in a case, '11, with a micrometerscrew, to, for sliding it, and a Vernier, w, for finding the fractional parts of the screw-head.

To apply the parts to an ordinary theodolite, substitute the hollow ball for the solid one, and the two jackets for the upper plate of the twoparallel plates, tap the end of the axis of the telescope, and cut a groove across its face.

' In the last, place the projections of the micro- ICC ' ball scope-socket, and pass a screw through the hole into the axis.v Place the cylindrical projection of the microscope into the microscopesocket and secure it by the screw. Screw the scale-arm to the base-plate and the scale to Y the arm, so that the scale stands up before the microscope.

Purpose of rsscntialparta-First, the hollow and jack ts are to readily bring the baseplate to the horizontal, in whatever position t 1c nature of the ground may necessitate plac iig the tripod-legs; also, in connection with tie ordinary level and vertical are, to bring t 1e base-plate, and consequently the attached scale, to a hi I osition of bise-plate, while sighting a high evatiou, wo

our the scale to get afocus'on it. No American or foreigi device has ever before been Invented for, or which would be effective for, this purpose. Second, the hole, screw-thread, a id screw in end of telescope-axis are to concctsamevwith the microscope-socket. Third, the microscope-socket, cylindrical projection, and flange, with their respective screws land it, are to properly connect vthe telescope and microscope and to regulate their parallelism.

Fourth, the level on the microscope is to determiue when its line of sight is vparallel with that of the telescope. Fifth, the scale-arm is to erect the scale at right angles to the baseplate.

Use oj'tlze theodol itc with my attachments.lt

is proposed to set out a piece of ground so full of chasms, declivities, crags, and woods as to be practically immeasurable with any accuracy by chain. The tripod-legs are set anyhow, the instrument approximately leveled by means of the hollow ball and jackets, and the final adjustment made with the usual screws. The telescope is directed to a convenient accessible point on the line to be run and the staff sent to it. Telescope is leveled by its own level and screw. The microscope is then brought into the same plane by its own level and screw and the mark of the scale on its cross-hair read. If the cross-hair is not directly on a mark, it is brought to the nearest by sliding the scale with the micrometerscrew, and the result set down in miorometric numbers, by which is meant the smallest fractions of the scale which can be determined by the micrometer-screw and its-Vernier. These smallest fractions are treated as units, and all scale-numbers are reduced to their equivalents in micrometric units, and the micrometer own incline,'when a horizontalv ild bring the microscope too far the screw. The stafi, held perpendicular, (or v sometimes at an incline, previously determined on by the surveyor, who regulates his baseplate to the same incline by means of the ho]- low ball and jackets,) is sighted, and the crosshair of telescope placed on. its lower mark, the scalefigure reduced to miorometric units and corrected by the micrometer, as before, is recorded. Thelike isdoue with the upper mark. By previous experiment similarly conducted with known measurements on level ground the distance from the axis of the telescope to the upright scale has been found in'microm'etric units. The problem is then one of similar triangles, two quantities in micrometric numbers being known, and one the length of stafi' in feet. With these three quantities the large triangle whosehypotenuse is the direct distance,and whose base is the horizontal dis teens from instrument to staff, is solved bythe familiar rule'ot' three proportionals. 1

I am aware that ball-and-socket joints in surveyinginstruments are old; but I am not aware that a hollow ball has ever been used. I am awarethat universal joints have been constructed usiug a ball and two jackets, as in Brunos United States Patent, .No. 85,787, VVheelers, No. 79,168, and Troxels, No. 137,578. I do not claim these; but

I claim- 1.. In an instrument used for survcying,the

ball-and'socket joint composed of a hollow sphereand two jackets, in combination with the leveling-screws, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a surveying-instrument, the level on the microscope, in combination with the telescope and its level, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination of the telescope of a surveying-instrument and a microscopejoined to the telescope-trunnion by means ol a cylindrical projection on one adapted to fit into a socket on the other, substantially as described.

4. The scale-arm, in combination with'the scale, micrometer, and base-plate of a surveying-instrument, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whercofIaflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES W. STIOKNEY.

Witnesses LLOYD F. KELEHER, C. G. PUFFER. 

